Injecting means for internal combustion motors or for diesel engines



06L 6, 1931. c THOMAS 1,826,535

INJECTING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS OR FOR DIESEL ENGINES Filed Nov. 8. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 c. THOMAS 6, 5

ORS OR FOR DIESEL ENGINES Oct. 6, 1931.

FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOT Filed Nov. 8, 1928 3 SheetsSheet 2 C. THOMAS INJE ING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS OR FOR DIESEL ENGINES Fi led Nov. 8, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented 9121:. 6, 1931 Nrrao S AT PATENT OFFICE CYRIL THOMAS, OI YEADON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE J. G. BRILL COMPANY,

or PHILADELPHIA, rnn'nsvnvaum,

A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA INJEGTING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS OR FOR DIESEL ENGINES Application filed November 8, 1928. Serial No. 817,972.

This invention relates to injection means for the fuel supply of. an internal combustion engine, and is more particularly concerned with injecting the fuel supply into the combustion chamber at a predetermine pressure. An object of the invention is to force a fuel supply into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine at a predetermined pressure. v

Another object of the invention is to force a fuel charge into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine by means of air at a predetermined pressure.

Still another object is to force a fuel supply 16 into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine at a predetermined oint in the compression stroke, under a pre etermined pressure.

Yet another object is to devisemeans to uniformly] supply fuel to an internal combustion engine. I Other objects will appear hereinafter.

In the drawings, which illustrate several modifications of my invention,

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a cylinder'h'ead and a portion of a cylinder block, employing thepreferred form of the invention' Fig. 2 is a plan view showing details of the so shaft which houses the plunger; f

, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Figs. 4 and, 5 are transverse sections taken respectively, on the lines 4-4 and 5 5 of' 85 Fig. 3, while Flg. 6 is a vertical section showing a modified form of my invention.

At 1 is shown a cylinder head which is secured by any suitable means to a cylinder block 2. The head 1 and block 2 cooperate to form the usual cylinder chamber 3, the top of which comprises a combustion chamber 4. Within the cylinder rides any suitable type of iston 5.

and an admission valve 8 opening into an ad- As Wlll be noted, the piston chamber is mission port9. The valves 6 and 8 are respectlvely connected to stems 10 and 11, which in turn, may be rocked against the tension of springs 12 and 13 by suitable means such as rocker arms 14 and 15. In the form shown,

these rocker arms are carried on rocker shafts 16 and 17, and are actuated by push rods or other suitable means 18 and 19, actuated by 'of a yoke 26. Between the plunger 23 and the eccentric strap 24 is preferably provided a safety spring assembla e 27.

Extending downwardly from the strap 24 is a rod 28 having an upset or annular flanged portion 29 extending outwardl therefrom approximately centrally thereof: This plunger is received in an annular opening 30 of a cylindrical casing 31. The openmg 30 communicates at its closed end with a concentric opening 32 of a diameter substantially equal to that of rod 28. Seated in the opening 30 and arranged around the opening 32 is a coiled spring 33. This spring at its other end abuts the under face of plunger 85 29, the upward movement of the flange being limited by a'suitable locking nut or cap 34 which is,preferabl provided with threads 35 cooperating wit similar threads on the casing 31. The casin preferably terminates at its lower ends in Eorked arms 31a, which engage a flattened extension 23a of the plunger 23. The arms 31aand the portion 2311 are preferably provided with cooperating eyes through which extend a bolt. This bolt may be secured in position by suitable means such as cotter pins. I

This spring assemblage normally has no function. However, in the instance that the plunger 23 could not for any reason complete 100 that of the plunger 23. The plunger 37 is,

preferably provided in-its end with a "plurality of cross-drilled holes 38 and 39. These holes in the preferred form terminate at their inner ends at the juncture of the extended portion 37 with its headed end 40.

As perhaps better shown in Fig. 3, the shaft 22 is provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending channels 41 and 42. The

channel 41 at its upper end connects with a suitable glandor inlet 43 for the admission of a fuel charge. At its lower end the channel 41 communicates by means of a small opening 44 with the channel 42, which channel contains air under a predetermlned pressure from gland or inlet 45. As shown, the inlet 45 communicates directly with a short channel 46, offset slightly from the channel 42, with which it communicates by means of a short connecting channel 47.

In the normal functioning of the injection device, fuel oil is admitted through the gland 43 into the channel 41. At the lower end of this channel, the fuel oil communicatesv with the channel 42 through which air is forced under pressure from the gland 45 which may be connected to any suitable source of air pressure. The mixture of air and fuel is then forced through the channel 48 which opens into the channel in which the plunger 23 reciprocates. The eccentric strap 24 preferably operates at cyclic frequency,

and thus in a four cycle engine it operates at one-half engine speed. Consequently, at some time previous to the power stroke, the plunger 23 will be withdrawn to a po nt where the opening from the channel 42 will be uncovered by the travelthereof. At this time the air from the channel 42 carries the fuel mixture into the channel in which the plunger rides. The plunger 23 thenstarts on its downward stroke and as the plunger is depressed, the mixture in the annulus? 49 provided by the extended portion 37, is compressed. The travel of the plunger 23 is so timed that at a predetermined moment when injection is desired the extension 37 extends into the cylinder a suflicient. distance to uncover the supply holes 38 and '39, which causes an injection of fuel under pressure.

It is to be noted that even though the charge maybe under a very high compression, admission does not start until the holes .38 and 39 are definitely uncovered. In this manner, admission of'a fuel into the combustion chamber is so controlled that it has been compressed to a predetermined pressure prior to admission, and cannot be ad-.

and 55, respectively. lVhile the check valves will permit the flow of air and fuel downwardly from the inlets, they will prevent any flow of the two materials or other mixture upwardly through the inlets.

In the modification shown in Fig. 6, advantage is taken of the pressure provided by the compression stroke of'the internal combustion engine to supplyv the means for forcing the fuel supply into the annulus 49. As shown, the shaft 56 is provided with a fuel channel 57 which is supplied with fuel 3 through a gland or inlet 58 which at its inner end provides a seat for the ball 59 of a ball'or other suitable check valve 60. This ball is properly seated to prevent the egress of fuel or fuel mixture by means of a spring 61. The channel 57 communicates with the channel 62 by 'means of a connection 63, while a channel 64 forms a communication between the cylinder chamber 3 and the channel 62.

The remainder of the construction is substantially similar to that shown in Figs. 15.

With this arrangement, the plunger 23 is withdrawn, permitting communication between the channel 64 and the channel 62.

However, during the compression stroke of the piston 5, this communication is inter-- rupted. During this period, the air pressure w1thin the cylinder varies from ap-' proximately to 250 pounds per square inch. The plunger 23 is then depressed, un- I covering the cross drilled holes 38 and 39 to the combustion chamber at the time of the injection, substantially in the manner described in connection with Figs. 1-5.

While this device is shown as being ap- '2 plied to a four cycle engine, it is obvious that i it is more or less independent of the type of engine used. The primary feature of novelty resides in the fact that the charge may be compressed to any desired amount before the I initiation of injection.

Itis ofcourse, understood that the inven-' tion is susceptible to numerous modifications and adaptations, and it is intended that it be l1m1ted only by the scope of the appended I claims.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, means for forcing a fuel mixture into the combustion chamber comprising a plunger reciprocated at cyclic frequency, and terminating at its end adjacent the combustionchamber in an extension of reduced section, the said extension in turn terminating at its end adjacent the-combustion chamber in a headed portion of slightly greater diameter, the headed portion being provided with crossed holes opening at their inner end adjacent the juncture of the extension and the headed portion, and beingadapted at their outer ends "for com-' munication with the combustion chamber of the engine and a shaft adapted to have one end exposed in the engine cylinder, said shaft having amain bore and a reduced bore in which said plunger and head, respectively, have a sliding fit, the reduced bore opening through said end of the shaft, means for admitting fuel to the bore of the shaft at the junction of said vbore with the reduced 2o-bore and means for reciprocating said plunger.

2. Fuel injection means for internal combustion engines comprising a body having a main bore and a communicating reduced bore opening through opposite ends thereof, means for supplying fuel to the main bore at the junction of the bores, a plunger operating in the main bore and having a reduced extension provided with a head fitting in the revdu ced bore, a passage communicating with the *maiabore at a point-spaced above the junction of the bores and with that end of the body through which the reduced bore opens, means for reciprocating the plunger to cause cyclic projection of said head from said end and passages in said extension in communication with the space between the end of the plunger and the shoulder formed by the junction of the bores, said passages being opened 40 on the projection of said head from said 3. Fuel injection means for internal combustion engines comprising a body having a main bore and a communcating reduced bore opening through opposite ends thereof, means for supplying fuel to the main bore at the junction of the bores, a plunger operating in the main bore and having a reduced extension provided with a head fitting in the reduced bore, a passage communicating with the main bore at a point spaced above the junction of the bores and with that end of the body through which thereduced bore opens, means for reciprocating the plunger to cause cyclic projection of said head from said end and passages in said extension in communication with the space between the end of the plunger and the shoulder formed by. the junction of the bores, said passages being opened on the projection of said head from said body, said passages each opening at one end through the upper end of the head at the sides of the extension and at its opposite end through the side walls of the head.

OYRIL THOMAS.

bustion engines comprising a body having a main bore and a communicating reduced bore opening through opposite ends thereof, means for supplying fuel to the main bore at the junction of th bores, a plunger operating in the main horj and having a reduced extension provided with a head fitting in the reduced bore, a passage communicating with the main boreat a point spaced above the junction of the :bores and with that end of the body through which the reduced bore I opens, means for reciprocating the plunger to cause cyclic projection of said head from said end and passages in said extension in communication with the space between the end of the plunger and the shoulder formed by the junction of the bores, said passages being opened on the projection of said headfrom said body. primary movement of the plunger in a direction to cause projection of said head closing the end of the first-named passage communicating with the bore.

4. Fuel injection means for internal com- 

